                     
                         N 16, ५ 1993 .


                   

    (Integrated Database Application Programming Interface - IDAPI)


                               

      ୮ ࠧ⨥  । ᫨⥫쭮 孨,
ਢ   讣 ᫠  , ந
  ࠧࠧ ⥪ன, ६ ஢
⭮襭 ⮨  ந⥫쭮 ᢮ . ⢮
ᮭ ஢ (PC, Macintosh), ஢, ࠡ
 ࠢ 樮 ⥬ Unix,  㯥મ஢ ⠢
 楯  - ࠢ᪮ ଠ樮 ⥬ (MIS),
᭮ 㭪樥 ன  ᯥ祭 㪮⢠ ଠ樥.
   ।⠢ ᮡ ᨬ ०᪨
ଠ樮 ⥬  । ࠡ⪨ ଠ樨. ᫨ ࠭
⥬孨 ।﫨 ଠ樮 ॡ ⤥
஢  - ࣠樨  ஥஢ ⥬ ࠡ⪨
⮩ ଠ樨 ﭭ   ᠬ,  ⥯  稫
  ᢮  ᯮ짮 ଠ樨, ।⠢塞
設.
         ஭,  ࣠樨, ᤥ訥 訥
⠫     -  㯥-,  , 
 ᮭ ᫨⥫ । ஢ (ᮭ
)  ஡ ࠡ ⮢ ਫ   魮
孨, ਬ  쭮  PC.  ᫥   
 ᫨⥫ 魮⥩ ᮭ쭮 孨, ਢ訩 
業ࠫ樨 , ࠭ ࠭  㯥-.  㣮
஭,  ࣠樨, 訥 죨    
ᮭ ,   祭 ६ 魮  ⥬ ⠫
   㤮⢮⥫쭮   ⭠ ஡ - ࠡ
⮢ ਫ   魮 孨, ਬ 
.
       ᫮襩 樨 ।⠢ ⢥ ꥤ
᫨⥫ । ࠧ 魮  , 祬 ⠪ ࠧ,
⮡  ਫ, 믮饥  । ଥ, 
ࠡ  㬥   室 ⥪,   㣮
ଥ. ᪨  룮 襭 ⮩ ஡ 
ᥣ譨    "-ࢥ",     ᭨
 ஡.  ᫠ ⮬,  窨 ७ ணࠬ
ᮢ⨬  ਫ,  ᮢ६   
⥪ன  ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  
⮩  ᮪饭 뢠  (᪨ ନ - Middleware
 API - Application Programming Interface), ⢫饥 
  ᠬ  - ⮬  ࢥ஬. 
⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ᯥ稢 "஧筮" ࠡ
ਫ  ࠧத ଠ,  饥  ਣ
  ࠭祭 ᫠ .
       砩,  ⮩ 裡,   , १ 
ᯮ⥫쭮 ४  Borland International Inc., ᤥ
  1991  ᫥ ਮ⥭ ⮩ ମ ᢮ ७, 
Ashton-Tate.  ᪠,  ⢥ 業,  窨 ७ 
孮, ਮ⥭  襩 ᤥ -  InterBase, 
 ࢥ ५樮   "ਫ⮬".   16
ࠧ , ࠡ  樮 । UNIX  VAX VMS,
 InterBase, ࠧࠡ⠭  ꥪ⭮-ਥ஢ 孮,
  ⮫쪮 ࠤ樮 ५樮  ,  
 ⥢ ⥪ "-ࢥ", ᯥ稢 
ࠡ ⠭  () ᫨⥫묨 ।⢠ ࢥ.
஬ ⮣, InterBase ন ࠡ  ।묨 
   ।⢠ 㯠     㯥-, ⠪ ,
ਬ, DB2  IBM.
        ⨫   .  1992  ଠ
Borland 뤢㫠  楯 孮 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 -
⥪ ꥪ ⮢ (BOCA), ।祭,  
InterBase,  "-ࢥ"  ꥪ⭮-ਥ஢
ணࠬ஢, ᯥ ⢨  짮⥫ IBM
PC  묨 ᫨⥫묨 ﬨ InterBase,  , 
 ,   㯮訥  ஡ - "७"
᫨⥫ 魮⥩   ࣠権  "᭨" 
魮⥩  㣨,  㬥 ⠫.
       ⢥ ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ॠ饣
஧ ࠡ ਫ   ন ଠ, ଠ
Borland 16  1992   ᥭ ⠢ COMDEX-92  -
। 孮 IDAPI - ⥣஢ 䥩   
(Integrated Database Application Programming Interface),  ,  
⮩  ⠢ ᢮ ⨥  ᮢ⭮ ࠡ  ᮧ
孮 IDAPI ⢥न ⠪ ,  IBM Corp., Novell, Inc. 
WordPerfect Corporation,   쥧 室  Borland 
ॠ樨 ᢮ .
         ᬠਢ 祭,  ਬ,
楯  ⥪ ⥣஢ 䥩   , 
⠪ ਢ ࠢ   騬 ⠭⠬
⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

                     IDAPI

      祭 IDAPI

      ⥣஢ 䥩    ।⠢ ᮡ
⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭   "-ࢥ",
ॠ饥  ५樮 ⠪  樮 ⮤ 㯠  
 짮⥫᪨ , ᨬ  ⥪ 
।, 樮 ⥬  ⥢ ।. 㣨 ᫮, IDAPI
ꥤ (⥣)  ⮤ 㯠  ,  祬  ⮨
  ⫨⥫쭠 ᮡ  ࠢ  騬
⠭⠬ ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  ⭮, 
䥩ᮬ ODBC  Microsoft. IDAPI  騥
⠭    १⮬ 殮 筮 -
᫥⥫᪨ ࠡ, ஢ ମ Borland  祭 ᫥
᪮쪨 .
       , ஥  ५樮 ,  ࠧ
 ⨯ ⮤ 㯠    - ५樮  樮.
       樮   ᮤঠ  ᮢ㯭 ᥩ.
   ⠬  ⢫ ६饭
("樥") 㪠⥫  ᮢ㯭 ᥩ   , 
᪮   㤥 . ⢥⢥,  ⮤ 㯠 
⠪  뢠 樮.  ⮤ 㯠 ॠ 
   IBM PC (dBASE IV, Paradox, FoxPro, Btrieve 
DataPerfect).
       ५樮  ⮬   ணࠬ ⮤ 㯠
 ⠡,   ᮢ㯭 , ࣠ 
ப  ⮫栬  ।묨 ⭮襭ﬨ  .  
 ⢫ ।⢮ 몠 ஢ ᮢ SQL,
ਥ஢  祭 । ⢠ ᥩ  
. , 騥 ᭮ ।⢮ 㯠    SQL,
ᯮ   ࠢ ,  ࠢ  ⥢
᫨⥫ . ਬ஬ ⠪ , 稢 
ப ࠭,  㦨 ⠪ ࢥ  , 
Oracle, SYBASE, DB2, Ingres, SQL Server, Informix, Gupta, NetWare SQL 
㣨.
       ᮧ IDAPI  㭨䨪 । 㯠
ਫ  짮⥫  , 室騬  ଠ
ࠧத ⥪,  ⥫쭮 ᮪
⠫  ணࠬ ᯥ祭   . 
᮪饭  ॠ쭮, ᪮ ᯮ짮 IDAPI ⥫쭮
蠥 ந⥫쭮 㤠 ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ,  
짮⥫    ப    讬 ᫥
.

       ਬ IDAPI

      ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ⥣஢ 䥩 
  (IDAPI), ਬ  ⥢ ᫨⥫ ⠭,
஥  ⥪ "-ࢥ". IDAPI  
ᯮ짮 ந⥫ﬨ   㢥祭 ᫠ ন
; ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ  ᪮७ ᮧ ਪ
ணࠬ,    ⨯ , 樮 ⥬ 
ଠ  ,  ⥫쭮  뭮  
த樨; 묨 짮⥫ﬨ    祭 ண
㯠     SQL, ⠪   "樮"  ,
祬 묨 ।⢠.

                    "-"

       孮 ࠡ⪨ ௮⨢    "-
ࢥ" ⮨  ࠧ ਫ    -  
믮  魮 ࠢ饬  (ࢥ),  㣠 
믮  ࠡ祩 ⠭樨  ᮭ쭮 . ᪨,
孮 "-ࢥ" । ⥪ ਪ ணࠬ 
 . ᭮묨 २⢠ 孮 "-ࢥ"
। 筮 쭮   襭  ࠡ 
᭨ ଠ樮 ⮪  , ਢ饥  襭
த⢨, ᪮ 訥 ꥬ  ࠭ 
㦨  ࢥ஬,  ࠡ稥 ⠭樨   
⢮ ,    ﭨ ࠡ  ࡠ ᢮
ந⥫쭮.  ࠧ,  ࢥ,  ࠡ稥 ⠭樨
()  , ⨬쭮 ᮮ⢥騥 ᢮
᫨⥫ 魮.    饭 奬 ⥪  "-
ࢥ" ।⠢  㭪 1.  ⮨   ᮢ
ࠧத   ணࠬ-⭮ , ⢫饩 
 ଠ.  㭪 ࠦ   ணࠬ
.

.G.IDAPI_1.PCX;15 cm;10 cm;PCX

      㭮 1.  "-ࢥ"

        ࢥ -  ࠢ  ࠧ ⥪, 
 ⥪,  ࠡ騥  ࠢ ࠧ
樮 ⥬ (ਬ,  ⢥ ࢥ  
ᯮ짮 IBM PC 486  樮 ⥬ SCO UNIX).  祬
䥪⨢ ࠡ ⠪      ⥬
ணࠬ ᯥ祭, 饣   筮 ᫮
  묨  ⠬  ࢥ஬. IDAPI ।⠢
ᮡ  ⠭ ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 
짮⥫᪨  .
      ⥪ "-ࢥ" ᨫ த⢨
⮬⨧஢ ࠡ⪨  ꥬ   㯭
।   ᯮ짮 ࠡ ⠭権  ⢥ ⨢
,   ࣠筮 ⢨  ଠ  
ணࠬ ᯥ祭,  ⠪    㯠  .
 ⮣,   筮   ᫮ ﭭ
  ॠ쭮 , ᪮  ࠧࠡ稪
ਫ ᪮ ࠧࠡ  䨪 ਪ ணࠬ.
      ନ "-ࢥ", ᫥⢨ ᢮ ୮ 
७ᥭ   , ᮥ騥 ᪮쪮 ࠧத , 
ॠ騥 ᮢ⭮ ᯮ짮 ᫨⥫ 魮⥩ 
ᮢ.  ⭮,  ⠪  ,  ࢥ,  
ࠪ⨢   㣨 ⮬, ਭ   ࠢ ᥡ
⥪ . ,  孨᪮ 窨 ७,
⥪ ⠪ ⥩ ᫥ 뢠 "--".
       祩, 蠥 孮 "-ࢥ", 
ꥤ ࠧத ⭮  ணࠬ ᯥ祭 
 ᫨⥫ ।. ७ᨬ ଠ樮 ⮢
 ࢥ, ⠪     , 樮 ⥬ 
 - 祢   ᯥ譮 ᯫ樨 ⥩ "-ࢥ".
  ᯥ稢 ⥬ প  ⠭⮢
  樮 ⥬,  ⠪ ⢫  
ࠧࠧ묨 ⠬  ࠧࠧ묨 ࢥࠬ  ࠧ
ଠ. 㣨 ᫮,  ॠ ⥬ 䥩 
ன, 㯥  樮 ⥬,  ਫﬨ, 騬
ਪ  짮⥫. IDAPI  ⥬
ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ਥ஢   ࠡ⪨ 
. ਬ஬ , ਥ஢  㣨 ,  㦨
NetBIOS  MS-DOS.

                           IDAPI

       ࠧࠡ⪨ IDAPI

       ᫮ ⪮ ७樨, 饩 뭮筮 ,
। ᥣ  㦤  ꥤ ௮⨢,
ᮭ  ࠧ᪨     ଠ樮
⥬  㭨஢묨 ।⢠ 㯠, ᯥ稢騬 ᮪
⨢ ࠡ⪨ ᪨ .  ࠢ, ,
騥  짮⥫  ࠧᠭ  ࠧ
ଠ, ࠡ뢠 ࠧࠧ묨 ਫﬨ   ,
ࠡ騬   ᮢ⨬   㣮 樮 ⥬.
⮬ ।, ६騥 ࠭ ᢮ ७ᯮᮡ,
 ᯥ ஧筮 㯠 ਫ  , 
ᨬ  ⨯  .
       ᥣ譨   ࠭ 襭 
஡  "㦨 ணࠬ ᯥ祭", 㭨쭮
 ⭮ 樨 ਫ  樮 ⥬. ,
⮢⥫ ਫ  , ⢫ 孨 প
ਮ⥭   , 뢠 ᢮ 묨 짮⥫
 , ᪮ ⮨ ࠧࠡ⪨, ࠧ 
ᮯ஢ ணࠬ ᯥ祭, 祭  㣨, 易 
ࠡ⪮  ,  ६ ,  쭮 .
      । 孮 ⥣஢ 䥩  
 (IDAPI) 㦨, ० ᥣ,  饭 ࠧࠡ⪨
ਫ, ᯥ稢 易 ࠡ   
ࠧ ଠ⮢. IDAPI  ⢨  묨  
ࠧ  ,  ⮬ , 室   
⥪  ࠡ  ࠢ  樮 ⥬.
ᯮ ।⢠ IDAPI, ࠧࠡ稪  ᥡ  ᮧ
⨯ଥ ਫ   ,   짮⥫
 ஧   ᥬ 筨 ,   
।⨨.
      ⥣஢ 䥩    (IDAPI) ࠧࠡ뢠
㯯 ,  騥 樨  ୮ ਨ. 
 㯯 室  : Borland International, IBM, Novell Inc.
 WordPerfect Corporation. ० ᥣ, IDAPI 㤥 ন
樮 ।, 騥 ஬諥묨 ⠭⠬: MS-DOS, OS/2,
NetWare  Windows. ᭮  孮 䥩 吝 
  Borland, IDAPI ࠭  쥧 ९⢨,
ࠤ樮 蠢訥 ࠧࠡ稪  짮⥫ﬨ 
⥣஢ ࠡ ࠧத  .
      室 ᮧ IDAPI

      設⢮ ९⢨ ᯥ祭 ஧筮 㯠  
  ⮬ 砥,  ।  ꥤ 
, ࠢ塞 ࠧ묨 樮묨 ⥬, 騥 ࠧ
   室騥   த ⥪. 
 ࠧ 孮 ࠡ⪨ , ந室  ࠧ
 ॠ樨    ⠢ . ⠭  
஡.

        樮 ⥬

      ᫨⥫ , ।祭  ⮬⨧樨
⥫쭮 ।⨩,  ࠢ,    ࠧத
ࠢ  ⮫ ஢,  ࠧࠧ
樮 ।,   ⥢.   ࠪ୮  
ᨩ᪨ ।⨩,  ᥣ    設 ਩   ,
 ᮭ ,  ।  㢨, ⮡  孨 뫠
易  ᮡ.  ᥣ,   ᢮  
ᨬ   㣠,     ᮢ, ⠪  
䥪⨢ ⮬⨧樨 ᥣ ।   室.
      祢,   ꥤ ஧ ࠡ ਫ 
 ,  ⥢ , ॡ প ࠧ묨
樮묨 ⥬ ⥬ 䥩  ਫﬨ  ⮣
᫥ ᬮ ᯥ ⢨  , ᯮ 
ࠧ ଠ.  ⠭   ⥬
ணࠬ ᯥ祭. ,  ஢ ᮢ, SQL,
 饯ਧ ⠭ ।⢮ 㯠  ५樮
 .  㯠  , ࠧࠡ⠭ ମ Apple (DAL -
Data Access Language),  ⠭⮬  ᫨⥫
ᮢ   ஢ Macintosh.  䥩 吝
  (ODBC - Open Data Base Connectivity)  Microsoft 
饥 ६ ࠪ᪨ ⠫ ⠭⮬  ࠡ ਫ ।
Windows   .  ᫥,    
䥩ᮢ  ॠ ⢨ ਫ    
ࠧ ଠ.
      ᯫ 묨 짮⥫ﬨ   樮
⥬, ন  ⥬ 䥩  ᪨
᭮  ᮧ ணࠬ த⮢ ࠢ  ,
ᯮᮡ  ६ ࠡ  ࠧத ଠ. ஬ ⮣,
ࠧࠡ稪 室 㢥७  ⨢稢  
㦥 ணࠬ ࠧ 樮 ⥬.  ᥣ譨  
  䥩   ,  饣 ⨢稩  ᥬ
騬 樮묨 ⥬.

         ᫨⥫ ᮢ

       襭  ਪ  ࠧࠡ稪  
짮⥫   । 롨 ⥢ ⥪
"-ࢥ",  ᯮ ਢ 孮   ⮫
஢  ⥩   ࠢ饩 設  ࠡ稬 ⠭ﬨ
 쥧 ᫨⥫ 魮⥩. ணࠬ த ࠢ
     砫,  쭮 ᯥ譮, ᯮ짮
 "-ࢥ", ⠪   ᥣ   ࠧࠧ
। ࠡ⪨  ,   ᥡ   
㯮  孮.     ᢮ ᨫ  ᫠
஭, 易  ਪ  ਬ,  ⠪  訬
⢮ ॡ, ।塞 짮⥫ﬨ  .
       䥪⨢ ⢨    ࠧ
 ଠ 室 쭥襥 ࠧ⨥  ࠡ
᫨⥫쭮 ,  , ᯮᮡ  
ᨬ २   孮.  ᮦ,  
 ⠭⮢ ⢨    
 ᯥ稢.
         㯠  

       ࠧ "    IDAPI" 饩
 뫨 ᠭ  ࠧ ⮤ 㯠   ,
५樮  樮.  ⢥⢨  ਭ樯 ࠧ稥
㯮 ⮤ 㯠,     ࠧ  
訥 㯯 - ५樮 (  SQL)  樮. 
⬥,   ,  㣨 ॠ ५樮   
ন  ⮤ 㯠,     ॢ  
⭮ , ⮬  䨪 ᫮   
襣  㭪樮 ࠧ稩  .
      筮 짮⥫ 㪠 㭪樮 ࠧ  祭
ਭ樯,     , ᪮, ࠡ   ⨯
 ,  ਬ      ᯮ
宦  䥩.  ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ  ࠧ
ࠩ ਭ樯, ⠪   室 ᮧ ᮢ襭
ࠧ ணࠬ 㯠  .  ⠪ ⢥ ࠧ
ਢ 砫쭠 ਥ ந⥫   
⥪  ।,    㭤⠫쭮
ᮢ⨬ 뢠 ᮢ      ᫥. -
 㭪樮 ࠧ稩 ࠧࠡ稪 ⠫  쥧묨
㤭ﬨ  ᮧ ਫ, ॠ饣  ⮤ 㯠 
.

      ᭮ २⢠ IDAPI

      ⨦ ਫﬨ ᯮ騬 ⥣஢ 䥩 
 , 襭 ஧筮 㯠  , ᯥ稢
 :

      1) ꥤ ࠡ ਫ, ॡ 㯠  
५樮 (SQL)  , ⠪   樮;    IDAPI
ࠧࠡ稪  ᢮ ᯮ짮   ⮤ 㯠  
ਫ, ᫨ ⠪ 室  ;
      2) প  ⠭⮢ 吝   
㯠  ;
      3) ⥣樨  묨  , ᯮ묨 
ࠧத ᫨⥫ .


      IDAPI  㣨 䥩   

      ⨬ IDAPI  ⠭⮬ SQL/CLI
      㯯 ࠧࠡ稪    㯮  몥 SQL (SQL
Access Group - SAG) ।⠢ ᮡ   , 
ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ, ᮧ  楫 ࠡ⪨ ⠭ 
䥩 㯠     몠 ஢ ᮢ
SQL. ⢨   ॠ  ᯥ䨪樨 ⮤
㫨஢ ᮢ   , 뢠 CLI (Call Level
Interface), ।饩 ॡ  ⥬ ணࠬ
ᯥ祭     㯮  몥 SQL. ਪ
ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ࠧࠡ⠭  ᮮ⢥⢨  CLI,
ᯥ稢     , ࠧࠡ⠭ ଠ,
室騬  SAG. 祬  ⠪ ਪ ணࠬ
ᯥ祭  ࠧ   ᯥ稢  
室 ⥪ ਫ.  饥 ६ ᯥ䨪 CLI
 祭  ᫥ 㭠த ⠭ X/Open.
 CLI  । ⠭⭮ ⮤ 㯠  ,
࠭騬  ,  ন  SQL.  짮⥫
⥫   ⠭  樮 ⮤ 㯠  
.  裡  ⨬, ࠧࠡ稪 ணࠬ த⮢  砫
ᮢ ࠡ  ७ ᯥ䨪樨 CLI, 饣
樮    뢠,  ⥪ ᯥ䨪権 IDAPI,
NAV/CLI. ⥣஢ 䥩   , IDAPI,  ⮫쪮
㤥    ⢥ ᥬ ॡ ⠭ X/Open CLI
(SQL/CLI),   । ⠭ ⥬ ணࠬ
ᯥ祭    ண (த) ⥢
ᮢ  樮  .  ࠧ, IDAPI ⠭
⠭⮬  䥩 㯠   ᠬ ५樮 
.  ࠡ  ஥⮬  祭, -
ࠧࠡ稪 IDAPI  ࠡ  SAG (SQL Access Group), X/Open,
ANSI  c 㣨 ᮮ⢥騬 㯯 ।⠢⥫ ᫨ 
⢥ত NAV/CLI  ᫥ ⠭.
       ⢥ । ᮧ ⠭ 䥩 ணࠬ,
ᯥ稢    ࠧࠧ ଠ⮢  ࠧ
樮 ⥬  ᫨⥫ ᮢ,  ਫ,
ᯮ IDAPI, ।ᬠਢ 모 ணࠬ஢ C, C++,
Pascal  COBOL.  㬥⭮ ભ  ࠧ,  楫 IDAPI
 ᯥ祭 ࠧ ।⠢   த
᫨⥫  ⨢ 짮.

      ⨬ IDAPI  䥩ᮬ ODBC
       䥩 吝  , ODBC (Open Data Base
Connectivity), ন ମ Microsoft, ᯥ稢 㭨䨪
㯠 ਫ 樮 । Windows  ࠧ . 
䥩,   ।, ᯥ稢 ॡ ᯥ䨪樨
SQL/CLI,   쭥襥 ࠧ⨥ ࠢ  ⠭⨧
㭪樮 ⥩,   設⢠ ᮧ த⮢
 . ਪ ணࠬ ᯥ祭, ࠧࠡ⠭ 
ᮮ⢥⢨  ODBC,  ᮤঠ "࠯" 室 ⥪,
ᨬ쭮 ᯮ饣 ᨫ,  窨 ७ ࠧࠡ稪
ਫ, ஭ த⮢  . 樮 ⮤ 㯠 
   ODBC ॠ ।⢮  ணࠬ
ࠩ஢   .
       IDAPI 樮 ⮤ 㯠    ॠ 
 ⠢   孮 㯠  ,   
⠭ X/Open  ⮤ 㯠    SQL,  ⠭ 
㭪樮쭮  樮 ⮤ 㯠 (NAV/CLI)
।  室  襭  ஡. ᭮
ࠪ⨪ ⮣ 室   ᮪, ⢥ 
⥯ ⥣樨 ணࠬ த⮢  Borland   㣮, 
⠪ ᮢ⨬  ணࠬ묨 த⠬ ஭ .
樮 ७ (NAV/CLI) ⠭ X/Open 
⥫쭮   ࠧࠡ⪨ 㭨஢ ਫ 
  ப 㣠 . প 䥩ᮬ IDAPI
樮 ⥬ OS/2, DOS, NetWare  Windows   
।.
      ᪮ ODBC ᯥ稢 প 㤠 㯠  
 ⠪ ।⢮ ணࠬ ࠩ஢,  ⠪ ᯮᮡ
ॠ樨 㤥 祭   IDAPI,  ஬ ⮣, 㤠 
㤥 ॠ   孮 ࠡ ࢥ,  ன 
ନ஢⥫   㤠   ନ஢⥫ ⢥ 
 (Requestor/Responder).  孮,  ஥ 
IDAPI,  ⢫   㤠 묨 ࠧ १
஭ 㤮, ᨬ  㭪樮 ⥩
ணࠬ ࠩ.

      ⪨ 뢮

       ଠ,    ࠧ , ᫥
뤥  ,  ਭ  짮⥫  ࠧࠡ稪
ਫ ᯮ짮 IDAPI, 饥 ,  ࠢ 
㣨 䥩ᠬ, ⢨ ࠧ  :
      1) ਫ ᯥ稢   襬  ଠ⮢ 
;
      2)  ப 롮 ਫ  㯠  ⭮
筨 ;
      3)  ᢮ 롮 ணࠬ-⭮ ⥪
᫨⥫쭮 ;
      4)   ᮮ⢥⢨ ணࠬ-⭮ 䨣樨
᫨⥫쭮   ᫮ 蠥 ਪ ;
      5) ࠭ ᤥ ⠫  樮 ⥬ 
  㬥襭 室  䨭ᮢ ,  易
  孮 ࠡ⪨ ;
      6) প ணࠬ ࠩ஢ 䥩 ODBC, 
 ࠩ ODBC, ᥬ 㭪樮묨 ﬨ IDAPI.

          (IDAPI)

      ᠭ ⥪

      ⥪ ⥣஢ 䥩    (IDAPI)
।⠢  㭪 2.  ⥪  ⮩ 
᪠ ७ ६ ᫥騬 ᯮᮡ:

-   ࠩ஢;
-   ५樮  樮 ࠡ稪  ⮤
㯠;
- "ன" । ନ஢ ᮢ  ⢥⮢  
(Requestor/Responder)  ।  㤠 㯠 
। ; 㪠  ᯮᮡ ७  
⮣,    ।   ন
।⢠ IDAPI.

.G.IDAPI_2.PCX;15 cm;10 cm;PCX

      㭮 2. ⥪ IDAPI

         㭪 2, IDAPI ஥  ஢
:  - ࠢ騥 ணࠬ - ࠩ  - ࠩ , 
   ᮢ ५樮    ࠫ 
 奬 ॠ樨 ⮤ 㯠, 祬 ⥬
ࠢ騥 ணࠬ (Engines),    
ࠡ稪,  ⮤ 㯠    ࠩ஬ 
㣮 ⮤ 㯠. ᬮਬ  ஢ ⥪
஡.

      ਫ ࠡ祩 ⠭樨 ()

      䥩 IDAPI ᯥ稢 ਫ, 믮騬 
ࠡ祩 ⠭樨,    , 騬 ᮮ⢥騩 
ࠩ஢  ࠡ稪. IDAPI ᯥ稢 ਫ  
।, ।⠢塞 ᮢ㯭 ࠩ  ࠡ稪. 
ᮧ ਫ, ࠧࠡ稪  롨  ᯥ祭
ᨬ ਫ  ⨯    ன ਫ 
 ⨯   ।⢮  室 ⥪
ਫ ᯥ᪮  ⭮   ணࠬ.

      ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭 ()

      , ।祭  ᯥ祭 ணࠬ ᮢ⨬
    ਫ, ࠧࠡ⠭  孮 ꥪ⭮ -
ਥ஢ ணࠬ஢  ।⠢ ᮡ  㭪権,
ॠ  ਫ  樮 ।.
        ஢ IDAPI ந室 樠 痢 ਫ
 樮 ।  ନ஢ ᮢ  ᪮
祭 ࠩ஢  ࠡ稪, ॡ ਫ 
 ଠ쭮 㭪樮஢. ⨪ ணࠬ ᮢ㯭
ࠡ稪  ࠩ   ਫ. IDAPI ᪠
ᯮ짮 ࠩ஢ 䥩 ODBC  - 
᫥, ᫥⢨ 祣 ࠩ ODBC,    ᥬ
㭪 IDAPI  易   २⢠  ࠡ⪥ 
.

      樮  樮 ࠡ稪

       ஢ ⥪ IDAPI 砥  ᥡ ⥬
ࠢ騥 ணࠬ ५樮  樮 ⮤ 㯠 
 ,  ⠪ ନ஢⥫ ᮢ  ⢥⮢  ,
ॠ 㤠    .

      ࠩ ⥬ ணࠬ ᯥ祭

       ⮬ ஢ ⥪ IDAPI ᯥ稢 ᮣᮢ 
 ⥬ ࠢ ணࠬ ⮤ 㯠 (ࠡ稪).

      ࠩ IDAPI   

       ६ ࠩ     ⠢
  묨 ﬨ  ,    ᤥ 㦥  
Paradox for Windows, 饭 1 䥢ࠫ 1993 .  ࠩ
IDAPI    㤥 ᮧ   ⥬
㬥⠫쭮  ணࠬ, IDAPI Software Development Kit
(SDK),  㤥 ⠢  뭮 ணࠬ ᯥ祭
ᥬ  ଠ - ࠧࠡ稪 IDAPI.  㬥⠫
   ᯥ᪨ ॡ ࠧ 樮
⥬, 易  ஢묨 ﬨ /뢮 䠩
⥬  ⥬묨 ணࠬ ࠢ ⨢ . ஬
⮣  IDAPI SDK 㤥  ।⢠ 襭 ஡, 易 
樥  ୠ樮樥 ணࠬ ᯥ祭.

      䨣 樮 ।  ࠢ ᥠᮬ 裡

      䥩 IDAPI ᯥ稢 ७ ।⢠ ࠢ 
ﬨ , ⠪  ᥠᮬ 㯠  . ᯥ稢 㭪樨
஥  ࠩ஢, ५樮  樮 ࠡ稪,
⮤ 㯠,  ⠪ 㭪樨 䨣஢  㤠
㯠   ।⢮ ନ஢⥫ ᮢ  ⢥⮢ 
,
      㭪樨 ࠢ ᥠᮬ 裡  ਫ 
ࠪ⨢ ࠡ , 室  ࠡ  묨
 . 祭 㭪樨 ࠡ⪨ 砫  襭 ᥠ
裡.

      ।⢠ ࠡ⪨  

      ண 魮 䥩 IDAPI  ࠧࠡ稪
ਫ ᯮ짮    㯠   ࠧ
. 㭪樨, 室騥  ⠢ IDAPI,  ࠧࠡ稪
ਫ  ᠭ  室 ⥪ ⨯ , ⨯
ᮢ,  㯠  , ᯮᮡ ᯥ祭 楫⭮ 
஢ 뫮  ⠪ .  㭪 IDAPI ࠧࠡ⠭  ⮬
 প ࠡ  த ⥢ ⠭.

      ।⢠ ࠢ    묨

      䥩 IDAPI    ন ⠪ 樨 
 ,  樨 ⠡栬  ᠬ, ।
ਥ ᪠, ࠢ 㪠⥫  (஬), ஢
㯠  ⠪ .

      ⥬ ࠢ騥 ணࠬ (ࠡ稪)

       ࠡ⪨ 몮 ᮢ    IDAPI ।ᬮ७
⥬ ࠢ騥 ணࠬ (ࠡ稪), 祬 ⤥ 
   ⮤ 㯠. ᫨    ᮢ, 
ন ⠭⮬ SQL/CLI,  ।⢠ ࠡ⪨  몠
ᮢ   ⥣஢  IDAPI ⥬ 祭   ⠢
 ࠡ稪, ᯮ ᨭ⠪  ᥬ⨪ 몠 ᮢ,
᫥ 祣   ᯮ짮  㯠   ⮩ .



       

      ⥪ IDAPI ⢥ ࠧ ᯥ稢  
㤠  .  㯠  㤠   䥩
IDAPI ࠡ뢠 ᯥ樠쭮 ணࠬ - ନ஢⥫ 
(requestor). ⢥  ᮮ⢥騩  ⠪ ࠡ뢠
ᯥ樠쭮 ணࠬ IDAPI - ନ஢⥫ ⢥  
(responder). ନ஢⥫ ⢥   (responder) ࠡ⠥ 
筮 ਫ, ࠡ뢠饥   饥 ନ஢⥫
ᮢ ॡ㥬 ⢮ , ᫥ 祣 ନ஢⥫ ᮢ,
ࠡ  ࠩ, 頥 ନ஢⥫ ⢥ 饭 
祭 .
      䥩 IDAPI ᯥ稢 প ⠪ ⥪
।    㤠 㯮,  NetWare  DRDA
(Distributed Relational Database Architectures).

                              

       ᯥ譮 ॠ樨 ஥ ࠧࠡ⪨ ⥣஢
䥩    (IDAPI)  ࠡ⪨  
ᯮ짮  ३  ⢥  ஢. ⢮ 
 ᯫ樨 ணࠬ ᯥ祭 짮⥫ﬨ 㤥
  ᮪ ᪮ ࠡ   㯠  
 ଠ, ᨬ  ⥪  ।. ஬
ꥬ ଠ樨, ࠭騥 ᥣ  ᥢ ,
⠭ ⥬  㭨஢ 㯮, 騬 ⨢
  ଠ  祫,   ᫨⥫쭮
孨  ணࠬ஢.  ⥭ ࠧ 孮
ࠡ⪨   ᬮ७    ⥣஢
䥩    (IDAPI)  ⢥   ॠ
⮩ ⥭樨.
      㬬  襨, 뤥 ᭮ २⢠,
ᨬ IDAPI  孮 ࠡ⪨ :

- IDAPI ᯥ稢 ਫ 㭨஢ ⮤ 㯠   
ᠬ  , ॠ  ५樮 ⮤ 㯠  
ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠭⮬ SQL/CLI, ⠪  樮 ⮤  㯠;
ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ, ᯮ ।⢠ IDAPI,   ᢮
ꥤ   ਫ  ⮤ 㯠  ⨢稢
⥬ 䥩ᮬ;
- ᯮ짮 IDAPI  ࠢ ᤥ ࠭
⠫  孮 ࠡ⪨ , ॠ㥬 ⠪
,  dBASE, Paradox, Btrieve  DataPerfect,  ⠪  
 㯠    SQL;
- 䥩 IDAPI ࠧࠡ뢠  ᭮   ⠭⮢ 
⮤ 㯠     ᯮᮡ  ⢨  ,
ਬ, IDAPI ᯥ稢  ࠡ ᮢ  몥 SQL, 
ᮮ⢥⢨  ⠭⮬  SQL/CLI; 㯯 -ࠧࠡ稪 IDAPI
ࠢ ᢮ ᨫ  ७ ⠪ ⠭⮢  䥩
⮤ 㯠   ,  ANSI, X/Open  SAG;
- 䥩 IDAPI ᯥ稢 ⥣஢     ,
ᯮ   ࠧ筮 ⥪   뢠
 ॡ, ।塞 짮⥫ﬨ  ண
(த) ᫨⥫ ᮢ;
- 䥩 IDAPI ন ४ 樨    ,
ਬ,  ꥤ       
ᮢ⨬  ⥪ ࢥ஢   ⠡;   ⠪
 ࠧࠡ稪 ਫ    ॡ ஢
ᯥ樠 ணࠬ ࠡ⪨ ⠪  権;
- 䥩 IDAPI ।祭  ᯮ짮   ⥢
᫨⥫ , ⠪   ᮭ쭮 ࠡ祬 ;  
ᨬ  ࠪ ਪ   䨣樨
᫨⥫쭮 , 㭪樮  IDAPI  
ᯮ짮   ⥢ ࠡ祩 ⠭樨 (),    쭮
ࢥ   業ࠫ쭮 ࠢ饬 ,  , ࠪ᪨
  , ⥪ ண  ন 䥩ᮬ
IDAPI; ᯮ짮 IDAPI ᭨  ஡, 易 
⢨  , ०  ᥣ  ண ⥢
᫨⥫ .

