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You can use Recovery Console to perform many tasks without starting Windows XP, including: starting and stopping services, reading and writing information on a local disk drive, and formatting drives. However, you must install Recovery Console while your computer is still functioning. The Recovery Console feature should be used only by advanced users. Before using Recovery Console, it is recommended that you back up your information on a tape drive, because your local hard disks might be reformatted—thus erased—as part of the recovery. You can also run Recovery Console from the Windows XP CD.
To install Recovery Console as a Startup option
1.Log on to Windows XP Professional as an administrator or as a user with administrator rights.
If your computer is connected to a network, network policy settings may prevent you from completing this procedure. Contact your network administrator for assistance.
2.Insert the Windows XP Professional CD into your CD ROM drive. If you're prompted to upgrade to Windows XP, click No.
3. From the command prompt—or from the Run command in the Start menu–type the path to the appropriate Winnt32.exe file (on your Windows XP Professional CD), followed by a space and /cmdcons to reference this switch. For example:
Follow the instructions that appear
To run Recovery Console on a computer if Windows XP Professional does not start
| 1. | Restart your computer, and then choose Windows Recovery Console from the list of operating systems. |
| 2. | Follow the instructions that appear.
Recovery Console displays a command prompt. |
| 3. | Make the required changes to your system. |
To learn more about using Recovery Console, see Help and Support Center.
To run the Recovery Console from the Windows XP startup disks or the Windows XP CD-ROM, follow these steps:
- Insert the Windows XP startup disk into the floppy disk drive, or insert the Windows XP CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive, and then restart the computer.
Click to select any options that are required to start the computer from the CD-ROM drive if you are prompted.- When the "Welcome to Setup" screen appears, press R to start the Recovery Console.
- If you have a dual-boot or multiple-boot computer, select the installation that you must access from the Recovery Console.
- When you are prompted, type the Administrator password. If the administrator password is blank, just press ENTER.
- At the command prompt, type the appropriate commands to diagnose and repair your Windows XP installation.
For a list of commands that are available in Recovery Console, type recovery console commands or help at the command prompt, and then press ENTER.
For information about a specific command, type help commandname at the command prompt, and then press ENTER.- To exit the Recovery Console and restart the computer, type exit at the command prompt, and then press ENTER.
| Article ID | : | 229716 |
| Last Review | : | November 17, 2004 |
| Revision | : | 3.1 |
For a Microsoft Windows XP version of this article, see 314058.
| • | Use, copy, rename or replace operating system files and folders. |
| • | Enable or disable services or devices from starting when you next start your computer. |
| • | Repair the file system boot sector or the Master Boot Record (MBR). |
| • | Create and format partitions on drives. |
Note that only an administrator can obtain access to the Windows Recovery Console so that unauthorized users cannot use any NTFS volume.
To start the Windows Recovery Console, use any of the following methods:
| • | Start your computer with the Windows Setup floppy disks, or with the Windows CD-ROM. At the "Welcome to Setup" screen, press F10, or press R to repair, and then press C (Windows 2000 only) to start the Windows Recovery Console. Select the appropriate number for the Windows installation that you want to repair, and then type the administrator password. If the administrator password does not exist, just press ENTER. |
| • | Add the Windows Recovery Console to the
Windows Startup folder by using Winnt32.exe with the /cmdcons switch. This procedure requires approximately
7 MB of hard disk space on your system partition to hold
the Cmdcons folder and files. NOTE: If you are using software mirroring, please see the following article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base: 229077 Mirroring Prevents Pre-Installing the Recovery Console |
| • | Follow the instructions in the following
article in the Microsoft Knowledge Base:
222478 Creating a Template to Run Recovery Console Using a Remote Install Server |
After you start the Windows Recovery Console, you receive the following message:
Windows NT(TM) Boot Console Command Interpreter.After you enter the number for the appropriate Windows installation, enter the Administrator account password. Note that if you use an incorrect password three times, the Windows Recovery Console quits. Also, if the SAM database is missing or damaged, you are not able to use the Windows Recovery Console because you cannot be properly authenticated. After you enter your password and the Windows Recovery Console starts, type exit to restart your computer.
From the Windows Recovery Console you can only use the following folders:
| • | The root folder |
| • | The %SystemRoot% folder and the subfolders of the Windows installation you are currently logged on to |
| • | The Cmdcons folder |
| • | Removable media drives such as CD-ROM drives |
NOTE: If you try to obtain access to other folders, you receive an "Access Denied" error message. Also, while you are using the Windows Recovery Console, you cannot copy a file from the local hard disk to a floppy disk. You can copy a file from a floppy disk or CD-ROM to a hard disk, and from one hard disk to another hard disk.
Use the help command to list all of the following supported commands:
attrib delete fixboot md type cd dir fixmbr mkdir systemroot chdir disable format more chkdsk diskpart help rd cls enable listsvc ren copy exit logon rename del expand map rmdir
Use the attrib command with any of the following parameters to change attributes of a file or folder:
-RNOTE: At least one attribute must be set or cleared. To view attributes, use the dir command.
Use the cd and chdir commands to change the folder. If you type cd .., you specify that you want to change to the parent folder. Type cd drive: to display the current folder in the specified drive. Type cd without parameters to display the current drive and folder. The chdir command treats spaces as delimiters. Because of this, you must enclose a subfolder name that contains a space with quotation marks, for example:
cd "\winnt\profiles\username\programs\start menu"The chdir command only operates within the system folders of the current installation of Windows, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources.
This command (where
drive specifies the drive to check)
checks the drive, and if needed, repairs or recovers the drive.
It also marks bad sectors and recovers readable information.
The /p switch instructs CHKDSK to do an exhaustive check
of the drive even if the drive is not marked with problems, and
then corrects any errors that are found. The /r switch locates
bad sectors and recovers readable information. Note that if you
specify the /r switch, the /p switch is implied. The
chkdsk command may be specified without arguments, in which
case the current drive is implied with no switches. Optionally,
the listed switches are accepted. The chkdsk command requires
the Autochk.exe file. Chkdsk automatically locates this file in
the bootup folder. Typically, this folder is the Cmdcons folder
if the Command Console was pre-installed. If the folder cannot be
found in the bootup folder, Chkdsk tries to locate the Windows CD-ROM
installation media. If the installation media cannot be found, Chkdsk
prompts you to provide the location of the Autochk.exe file.
Use this command to clear the screen.
Use this command (where
source specifies the file
to be copied and destination specifies the folder or
file name for the new file) to copy a file. Wildcards or folder
copies are not permitted. A compressed file from the Windows CD-ROM
is automatically decompressed as it is copied.
If destination is not specified, it defaults to the current
folder. If the file already exists, you are prompted to overwrite
it.
delete drive: path filename
Use this commmand (where drive: path filename specifies the file to delete) to delete a file. The delete command only operates within the system folders of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources. The delete command does not accept wild card (*) characters.
Use this command (where drive: path filename specifies drive, folder, and files to list) to display a list of files and subfolders in a folder. The dir command lists all files including hidden and system files. Files may have the following attributes:
D - Directory R - Read-only file H - Hidden file A - Files ready for archiving S - System file C - Compressed E - Encrypted P - Reparse Point
The dir command only operates within the system folders of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources.
Use this command (where
servicename specifies the
name of the service or driver to be disabled) to disable a Windows
system service or driver.
Use the listsvc command to display all eligible services
or drivers to disable. The disable command prints the old
start type of the service before resetting it to SERVICE_DISABLED.
Because of this, you should record the old start type in case it
is necessary to re-enable the service.
The start_type values that the
disable command displays are:
Use this command to manage the partitions on your hard disk volumes.
| • | /add: Creates a new partition. |
| • | /delete: Deletes an existing partition. |
| • | device_name: The device name for creating a new partition. The name can be obtained from the output of the MAP command, for example: \Device\HardDisk0. |
| • | drive_name: A drive-letter based name for deleting an existing partition, for example D: |
| • | partition_name: The partition-based name for deleting an existing partition and can be used in place of the drive name argument, for example: \Device\HardDisk0\Partition1. |
| • | size: The size of the new partition in megabytes. |
NOTE: If no arguments are used, a user interface for managing
your partitions is displayed.
WARNING: This command can damage your partition table if
the disk has been upgraded to a dynamic disk configuration. Do not
modify the structure of dynamic disks unless you are using the Disk
Management tool.
enable servicename start_type
You can use the
enable command (where servicename
is the name of the service or driver to be enabled) to enable a
Windows system service or driver.
Use the listsvc command to display all eligible services
or drivers to enable. The enable command prints the old start
type of the service before resetting it to the new value. You should
note the old value, in case it is necessary to restore the start
type of the service.
Valid start_type are:
NOTE: If you do not specify a new start type, the enable command prints the old start type for you.
Use the exit command to quit the Command Console and restart your computer.
expand source [/F:filespec] /D
Use this command (where source specifies the name
of the file to be expanded and destination specifies
the directory for the new file) to expand a file.
NOTE: You may not include wildcards.
If
destination is not specified, the command defaults
to the current folder.
Options:
| • | /y: Do not prompt before overwriting an existing file. |
| • | /f:filespec: If the source contains more than one file, this parameter is required to identify the specific files to be expanded. You may include wildcards. |
| • | /d: Do not expand; only display a directory of the files which are contained in the source. |
The destination may be any directory within the system directories
of the current Windows installation, the root of the drive, the
local installation sources, or the Cmdcons folder. The destination
cannot be removable media. The destination file cannot be read-only.
Use the attrib command to remove the read-only attribute.
expand prompts you if the destination file already exists
unless you use /y.
Use this command (where drive name is the drive letter where the boot sector will be written) to write the new Windows boot sector code on the boot partition. This command fixes problems where the Windows boot sector is corrupted. The Emergency Repair process also fixes the boot sector. This command overrides the default of writing to the system boot partition.
Use this command (where
device name is an optional
device name that specifies the device that needs a new MBR) to repair
the master boot record (MBR) of the system partition. This command
is used in scenarios where a virus has damaged the MBR and Windows
cannot start.
WARNING: This command has the potential to damage your partition
tables if a virus is present or a hardware problem exists. This
command may lead to inaccessible partitions. Microsoft suggests
running antivirus software before using this command.
The name can be obtained from the output of the
map command.
If this is left blank, the boot device's MBR is fixed, for example:
If Fixmbr detects an invalid or non-standard partition table signature, it prompts you for permission before rewriting the MBR.
Use this command (where
/Q performs a quick format
of the drive, drive is the drive letter of the partition
to format /FS:file-system specifies the type of file
system to use [FAT, FAT32, or NTFS]) to format the specified drive
to the specified file system.
If a file system is not specified, the existing file system format
is used, when available.
The listsvc command lists all available services, drivers,
and their start types for the current Windows installation. This
command may be useful when using the disable and enable
commands.
NOTE: These are extracted from the %SystemRoot%\System32\Config\SYSTEM
hive. If the SYSTEM hive become damaged or missing, unpredictable
results may occur.
The logon command lists all detected installations of Windows, and then requests the local administrator password for the copy of Windows you chose to log on to. If more than three attempts to logon do not succeed, the console quits and your computer restarts.
Use this command (where the arc parameter tells the map command to use ARC paths instead of Windows Device paths) to list drive letters, file system types, partition sizes and mappings to physical devices.
The md or mkdir commands create new folders. Wildcard characters are not supported. The mkdir command only operates within the system folders of the current installation of Windows, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources.
Use this command to display a text file to the screen.
The rd and rmdir commands delete a folder. These commands only operate within the system folders of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources.
The ren and rename commands can rename a file. Note that you cannot specify a new drive or path for your destination file. These commands only operate within the system folders of the current Windows installation, removable media, the root folder of any hard disk partition, or the local installation sources.
The set command allows you to display or modify four environment options.
AllowWildCards = FALSE AllowAllPaths = FALSE AllowRemovableMedia = FALSE NoCopyPrompt = FALSEThe systemroot command sets the current working folder to the %SystemRoot% folder of the Windows installation you are currently logged on to.
The type command displays a text file.
| • | Microsoft Windows 2000 Server |
| • | Microsoft Windows 2000 Advanced Server |
| • | Microsoft Windows 2000 Professional Edition |
| • | Microsoft Windows 2000 Datacenter Server |
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